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Migraine Headache:
Pulsating Head Pain Attacks that often have Visual Phenomena

What is a Migraine Headache?

Migraine Headache is a nervous system disorder resulting in unilateral – occurring on one side (for adults) or bilateral – occurring on both sides (for children); moderate to severe front to temporal (near the temples) head pain, with or without perceived visual phenomena known as an “Aura”, along with other Migraine symptoms, such as nausea, vomiting, yawning, or sensitivity to sound or movement.

Introduction to Migraines

The two types of Migraine Head Pain

Next to Tension Headaches, Migraines are the second most common type of Primary Headache. There are two major Migraine Types:

• Migraine without Aura
• Migraine with Aura

What is an Aura?

“Aura” is the name for visual Migraine Symptoms. The Migraine Aura is also known as a “Prodrome”, that occurs up to two days before or at the beginning of a Migraine. A prodrome is a premonition. A premonition is a prediction, forewarning or anticipation of impending action. The Aura may have a number of perceived individual visual characteristics or combination of visual characteristics such as:

• Hallucinations
• Hypersensitivity to light
• Flashing lights- Scintilla
• Zigzag patterns – Fortification
• Size or shape distortion
• Tunnel vision
• Black or colored spots
• Rainbows or Rainbow colors
• Blurred vision
• Blind spots or blindness
• Kaleidoscopic light patterns

Other Migraine Headache Symptoms common to Migraine with Aura

When a person has a Migraine with an Aura, there are additional symptoms that may be experienced:

• Numbness
• Tingling
• Pins and Needles
• Speech Impairment
• Dizziness
• Ringing in the ears
• Diminished hearing
• Double vision
• Decreased coordination
migraine symptoms

Migraine Symptoms common to both Migraine Headache Types

There are many different kinds of Migraine Symptoms associated with Migraine Headaches. Various combinations of the symptoms are experienced, and not all of the symptoms are experienced during a headache episode. Migraine Headache Symptoms besides Aura that are common to Migraine Headaches with or without Aura are:

• Vomiting
• Nausea
• Yawning
• Sensitivity to sound or movement
• Low Blood Pressure
• Irritability
• Moderate to severe head pain
• Bilateral Head Pain for children
• Unilateral head pain for adults
• Pulsating (throbbing in sync to heartbeat) head pain
• Increased pain upon physical activity
• Pain at the front of the head at or near the temples
• Fatigue
• Neck and/or shoulder stiffness
• Difficulty concentrating
• Lack of healthy skin color

What are Migraine Triggers?

Migraine Headaches fall into the category of Primary Headaches. Primary Headaches initiate independently of external health conditions. A Migraine Headache occurs when “triggered” by an internal or external condition or factor. Those factors or conditions are known as Migraine Triggers. Some common Migraine Triggers are:

• Artificial Sweeteners
• Monosodium Glutamate—MSG
• Caffeine and/or caffeine withdrawal
• Eyestrain
• Stress
• Odors
• Aged cheese
• Sleep problems
• Poor diet
• Chocolate
• Hormones
• Tobacco Smoke
• Alcohol
• Fruit
• Food preservatives
• Depression
• Anxiety
• Grief
• Changes in air pressure or altitude• Hunger
• Fatigue
• Anxiety
• Overexertion
• Lack of sleep
• Poor Posture

International Headache Society –Migraine Characteristics

The International Headache Society has defined Migraine Symptoms and Characteristics for both types of Migraine Headaches. Please use their following information to help you compare and assess your Migraine Symptoms with their data.

International Headache Society - Migraine Without Aura

  1. A minimum of 5 attacks that meet criteria of B, C, D, and E
  2. Untreated or unsuccessfully treated Headache attacks lasting 4 to 72 hours
  3. Headache with at least 2 of the following characteristics:
    • Pain on one side of the head
    • Pulsating head pain
    • Moderate to severe intensity
    • Aggravated pain by walking up stairs or similar routine physical activity
  4. 1 of the following symptoms during the headache:
    • Nausea and vomiting (or either)
    • Light Sensitivity-Photophobia and Sound Sensitivity- Phonophobia
  5. No evidence of any disease with similar symptoms

International Headache Society - Migraine With Aura

  1. A minimum of 2 attacks that meet criteria of B and C
  2. At least 3 of the following 4 characteristics:
    1. One or more aura symptoms that are completely reversible with indication of:
      • Visual phenomena
      • Numbness or tingling in the face, arm, or hand on one side of the body
      • Muscle weakness or mild paralysis on one side of the body
      • Speech difficulty or speech loss
    2. At least one aura symptom develops gradually over more than 4 minutes or two or more symptoms occur one after the other.
    3. No aura symptom lasts more than 60 minutes
    4. Headache follows aura in less than 1 hour
  3. No evidence of related organic disease

Migraine Pain Assessment - Take the next important step before treatment

The Migraine Pain Assessment is an important preparatory step for an accurate diagnosis of your headache symptoms and headache causes that will lead to an effective Migraine Treatment Plan. As you can already see, knowledge of Migraine Symptoms and Migraine Triggers are an extremely important aspect of Migraine Treatment and Migraine Prevention. If you walk into your Migraine Specialist’s Office prepared with accurate and complete information, your doctor be able to accurately assess and diagnosis your condition. That information will help your doctor give you the migraine help you need with an effective Treatment Plan, which in turn results in a consistent and considerable degree of Migraine Relief!

So what do you need to do? Click below to find out!



Migraine Headache Assessment - Accurate compliation of information for an accurate diagnosis.

Migraine Treatment – Abortive, Preventive, and Therapeutic Options.

Return Home - Chronic Pain Management for a Higher Quality of Life

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